Kamal Joumblatt w l-Hizb l-Taqaddomi l-Ishtiraki (PSP)
Bi senet l-1949, baraz 
(emerged ✨) qa2id (leader) jdid huwwe Kamal Joumblatt, yalli assas (founded 🏗️) l-Hizb l-Taqaddomi l-Ishtiraki (PSP). Joumblatt ma ken siyasi taqlide (traditional 🕰️), bal ken mufakkir (thinker 🧠) w falsafi (philosophical 📜) byid3e la l-3adale l-ijtima3iye (social justice ⚖️🤝).
Hal hizb ken ytaleb (demanding 📢) bi taghyir l-nizam l-ta2ife (sectarian 🕌⛪) bi Lebnen w y7awlo la nizam 3ilmane (secular 🌍). Khilel l-sab3iniyet, Joumblatt 2ad “l-Harake l-Wataniye l-Lebneniye” yalli nefasit (competed with 🏁) Hizb l-Kataeb. Ken yes3a (striving 🏃♂️) la 7emayet 72u2 l-fu2ara (the poor 🏚️) w l-3immel (workers 👷♂️), shi yalli khalle ysir ramez (symbol 🚩) la thawra (revolution ✊) w tejdid (renewal 🔄).
Ba3ed ightiyalo (his assassination 🔫👤) senet l-1977, tawalla (took over 💼) ebno Walid Joumblatt ri2aset l-hizb.
l-Hizb l-Taqaddomi l-Ishtiraki (PSP): Falsafit l-Isla7 w l-Harb
1. l-T2assis w l-Ro2ya (Founding and Vision 🏗️🔭)
T2assas hizb (PSP) bi 5 ayyar 1949 3a id l-mufakkir w l-za3im Kamal Joumblatt w majmu3a men l-muthaqqafin (intellectuals 📚). l-hadaf ma ken t-mathil ta2ife (sect 🕌⛪) mu3ayane, bal ken badon nizam 3ilmani (secular 🌍) byi3timid 3al ishtirakiye l-insaniye (human socialism 🤝). Joumblatt ken bi2amin enno l-muwatin l-hurr (free citizen 🗽) huwwe ases l-watan, w enno l-ta2ifiye hiye “sijen (prison ⛓️) l-lebneniyye”.
2. Ba3ed l-Istiqlel: Marhalet l-Taghyir (Post-Independence 🦅🔄)
Ma3 enno hizb (PSP) t2assas ba3ed l-istiqlel bi 6 snin, bas Kamal Joumblatt ken ruken asase (cornerstone 🏗️) bi “l-Jabha l-Ishtirakiye l-Wataniye” yalli as2atet (toppled/brought down 📉) awwal ra2is lal jemhouriye (Bishara l-Khoury) bi senet l-1952 bi shi in3araf bi “l-Thawra l-Bayda” (White Revolution ⚪✊). l-hizb ken yutale bi (demanding 📢) bi tahdith (modernizing 🆕) l-idara, w da3m hquq l-fallahin (peasants/farmers 👩🌾), w t2min l-ta3lim lal kel.
3. l-Harb l-Ahliye w “l-Harake l-Wataniye” (The Civil War 💣🛡️)
Bass indala3et (broke out 🔥) l-harb bi senet l-1975, Joumblatt taza33am (led/headed 👑) “l-Harake l-Wataniye l-Lebneniye” (tahalof l-ahzeb l-yasariye [leftist 🚩] w l-3uroubiye [pan-Arab 🌍] ma3 l-falastiniye). l-hizb ken byunadi bi “l-Barnamej l-Marhale lal Isla7” kermel ilghe2 (abolishing/canceling 🚫) l-ta2ifiye l-siyasiye.
4. l-Ma2ase w “Harb l-Jabal” (Tragedies and Mountain War 🏔️🩸)
Tarikh hizb (PSP) fiyyo mahattat damawiye (bloody phases 🩸) mu2lime:
- Ba3ed ightiyal Kamal Joumblatt (1977): Saret rudoud fi3el intiqamiye (avenging reactions ⚔️🔥) bi ba3d 2ura l-Chouf, mdeniyye (civilians 👨👩👧👦) masihiye t3arrado lal qatel 3a id mnasrin ghadbin [😡].
- Harb l-Jabal (1983): Ba3ed l-ijtiyah l-isra2ili, indala3et ma3arek 3anife ben “milishiya l-hizb l-ishtiraki” w “l-Quwwat l-Lebneniye”. Hal harb addet la tahjir jemā3i (mass displacement 🏃♂️💨🏠) lal masihiye men l-jabal w majazir mutabadele (mutual massacres 🤝🩸) ben l-t-nein, shi yalli bi-te3tebir aswa2 fasel bi tarikh l-jabal.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
1.Who founded the Progressive Socialist Party (PSP) and why?
The PSP was founded on May 5, 1949, by Kamal Joumblatt, a prominent Lebanese philosopher, thinker, and feudal leader, alongside a group of intellectuals. The main motive was to establish a secular, non-sectarian system in Lebanon based on “human socialism,” promoting social justice, free education, and workers’ rights.
2.What was the “White Revolution” of 1952 in Lebanon?
The White Revolution was a peaceful popular and political uprising in 1952 that forced Lebanon’s first post-independence president, Bishara l-Khoury, to resign due to corruption charges. Kamal Joumblatt was a cornerstone of the national coalition that led this successful, bloodless political movement.
3.What role did Kamal Joumblatt play in the Lebanese Civil War?
When the civil war broke out in 1975, Kamal Joumblatt led the Lebanese National Movement (LNM), a powerful coalition of leftist, secular, and pan-Arab political parties aligned with the Palestinian factions. They strongly demanded the abolition of the sectarian political system and major constitutional reforms.
4.What happened after the assassination of Kamal Joumblatt in 1977?
Following the tragic assassination of Kamal Joumblatt in March 1977, angry and grieving Druze supporters carried out retaliatory attacks in several Chouf villages, leading to the killing of innocent Christian civilians. His son, Walid Joumblatt, subsequently took over the leadership of the party to stabilize the region.
5.What was the “Mountain War” (Harb l-Jabal) of 1983?
The Mountain War was one of the bloodiest phases of the Lebanese Civil War, taking place in the Chouf and Aley districts following the Israeli invasion. It involved fierce clashes between the PSP militia and the Lebanese Forces Christian militia, resulting in mass casualties, mutual massacres, and the mass displacement of the Christian population from the mountain regions.
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